Data Analytics report

Karadag profitability: lifetime compute economics

Decision-ready correction and long-horizon profitability report for the protected solar-coupled data center.

Executive Summary

  • The prior loss result was caused by an incorrect revenue boundary, not by the project economics. Premium compute revenue now runs through every operating year of every selected horizon.
  • The corrected 30Source: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json-year Base creates substantial value. Coupled NPV is €14.39BSource: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json, project IRR is 45.4%Source: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json, profitability index is 3.41Source: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json×, and incremental cash multiple is 9.82Source: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json×.
  • The active-IT cost basis now reflects the owner procurement direction. The model uses €7.33MSource: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json/IT MW, one-third of the prior H100 proxy, for the initial build and every refresh event.
  • Longer horizons add value rather than carrying dead costs. The 40Source: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json-year and 50Source: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json-year coupled NPVs are €16.04BSource: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json and €16.97BSource: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json, respectively.
Source: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json

Reads the exact canonical report snapshot assembled from the production financial engine and normalized public-price evidence.

30-year coupled NPV

€14.39BSource: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json

Discounted 30-year project value after all modeled operating cost, refresh, renewal, and capital spending.

Discounted 30-year project value after all modeled operating cost, refresh, renewal, and capital spending.Source: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json

Reads the exact canonical report snapshot assembled from the production financial engine and normalized public-price evidence.

Incremental cash multiple

9.82×Source: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json

Incremental lifetime net operating cash per euro of incremental capital, unlevered and undiscounted.

Incremental lifetime net operating cash per euro of incremental capital, unlevered and undiscounted.Source: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json

Reads the exact canonical report snapshot assembled from the production financial engine and normalized public-price evidence.

30-year profitability index

3.41×Source: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json

Discounted revenue divided by discounted operating and capital cost at the selected hurdle rate.

Discounted revenue divided by discounted operating and capital cost at the selected hurdle rate.Source: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json

Reads the exact canonical report snapshot assembled from the production financial engine and normalized public-price evidence.

Active IT hardware cost

€7.33M/IT MWSource: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json

Owner planning basis for Chinese-accelerator procurement; one-third of the prior H100 hardware proxy.

Owner planning basis for Chinese-accelerator procurement; one-third of the prior H100 hardware proxy.Source: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json

Reads the exact canonical report snapshot assembled from the production financial engine and normalized public-price evidence.

Lifetime compute revenue

€70.48BSource: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json

Undiscounted premium compute-service revenue across all 30 modeled operating years.

Undiscounted premium compute-service revenue across all 30 modeled operating years.Source: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json

Reads the exact canonical report snapshot assembled from the production financial engine and normalized public-price evidence.

Revenue continuity restores the economic logic

Compute service remains a productive revenue stream for the life of the facility. The model still carries grid energy, operations, active-IT refresh, facility renewal, and solar inverter replacement in their scheduled years; it no longer pairs those costs with an artificial revenue shutdown.

Source: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json

Reads the exact canonical report snapshot assembled from the production financial engine and normalized public-price evidence.

Coupled NPV across project horizons
Coupled NPV across project horizons data
Project horizonCoupled NPV (EUR)Incremental cash multipleProfitability index
10 years5.76B EUR4.462.32
20 years11.33B EUR7.413.08
30 years14.39B EUR9.823.41
40 years16.04B EUR11.613.57
50 years16.97B EUR14.443.66

Competitive accelerators reduce the hardware burden

Chinese data-center accelerators are an emerging procurement path. The chart isolates the financial effect of lower active-IT cost while holding the revenue, facility, energy, operations, and refresh logic constant. The one-third Base is an explicit owner planning assumption and must be replaced by qualified vendor bids before financial close.

Source: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json

Reads the exact canonical report snapshot assembled from the production financial engine and normalized public-price evidence.

Coupled NPV across active-IT hardware cost cases
Coupled NPV across active-IT hardware cost cases data
Active-IT cost caseCoupled NPV (EUR)Active-IT cost per MWIncremental cash multiple
Prior H100 proxy10.21B EUR22M EUR/IT MW4.05
Two-thirds of prior12.3B EUR14.67M EUR/IT MW5.77
Half of prior13.34B EUR11M EUR/IT MW7.29
Owner base: one-third14.39B EUR7.33M EUR/IT MW9.82

Billing basis still controls annual revenue

The production engine uses max(physical utilization, contracted share × explicit minimum bill). This keeps physical energy use separate from revenue protection and prevents a reserved product from being discounted by utilization twice.

Source: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json

Reads the exact canonical report snapshot assembled from the production financial engine and normalized public-price evidence.

Annual revenue under three billing interpretations
Annual revenue under three billing interpretations data
Billing interpretationAnnual service revenue (EUR/year)Formula statusFormulaDecision use
Usage billing at 70%1.66B EUR/yearUsagecapacity × physical utilization × service price × 12Use when the service price is usage-dependent.
80% reserved block1.9B EUR/yearReservedcapacity × contractually billed share × service price × 12Use only when the reserved block is contractually billed.
80% × 70% reduction1.33B EUR/yearRejectedcapacity × contracted share × utilization × price × 12Reject unless a contract explicitly defines both reductions.

Public prices bound the screen but do not replace procurement

Civo and AWS use reserved or list-price structures and an unverified DGX power divisor. TRUBA is a capacity-limited public service that requires availability confirmation. The product, tax, service bundle, and power denominator remain visible.

Source: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json

Reads the exact canonical report snapshot assembled from the production financial engine and normalized public-price evidence.

Public price and substitution evidence

Source: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json

Reads the exact canonical report snapshot assembled from the production financial engine and normalized public-price evidence.

Public price and substitution evidence
Comparator and billing basisReviewed valueDecision use
aws-h100-capacity-block-density — reserved capacity block€2366.61/IT kW-moexternal upside list-price sensitivity. Not permitted: Karadag contract price or usage-adjusted revenue without an explicit billing assumption.
truba-h100-eight-gpu-project-rate — usage-based project service€544.19/IT kW-mo ex VATTürkiye downside and subsidized-capacity substitution comparator only. Not permitted: bankable Karadag revenue, sovereign premium, or proof of 120 MW availability.
truba-h200-eight-gpu-project-rate — usage-based project service€1.6464/GPU-h ex VATnative-unit Türkiye downside and substitution comparator only. Not permitted: IT-kW normalization without a matched H200 system-power source.
uk-gcloud-h100-reserved-density — monthly reserved service€1649.78/IT kW-moexternal list-price sensitivity. Not permitted: Karadag contract price or usage-adjusted revenue without an explicit billing assumption.

Recommended next steps

  1. Obtain competitive Chinese-accelerator and alternative-vendor bids with delivered lifecycle pricing.
  2. Benchmark the target sovereign workloads for throughput, software compatibility, interconnect, storage, and power.
  3. Secure anchor-service agreements with an exact billable denominator, capacity ramp, minimum bill, service credits, and price indexation.
  4. Validate security accreditation, import, support, spares, tax, and replacement logistics before locking the bill of materials.
  5. Keep the separate sovereign uplift at 0%Source: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json until customers price residency, accreditation, restricted operations, and support.
Source: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json

Reads the exact canonical report snapshot assembled from the production financial engine and normalized public-price evidence.

Further questions

  • Which accelerator and software stack passes the representative training, inference, and sovereign-cloud workload tests?
  • Is service pricing per reserved IT kW, accelerator-hour, node-hour, or a managed-service bundle?
  • Which customer can commit the first accepted IT MW, and on what acceptance date?
  • What performance and price obligations apply at each hardware refresh?

Caveats and assumptions

  • This is an unlevered, pre-tax screening model, not an equity return, financing, tax, procurement, or valuation opinion.
  • Lifetime premium compute revenue is an owner-approved business assumption; executed customer agreements remain a diligence requirement.
  • The one-third Chinese-hardware cost is an owner planning assumption, not a delivered or workload-qualified vendor quote.
  • No denominator-complete Türkiye sovereign GPU or cloud award was verified; public price research was broad but not exhaustive.
  • Public list prices, tariffs, FX rates, and hardware power are dated and must be refreshed before an investment decision.
Source: Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidenceTables: src/model.js, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/normalized/turkiye-sovereign-compute-2026.json, projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json

Reads the exact canonical report snapshot assembled from the production financial engine and normalized public-price evidence.

Sources

  1. Karadag production model and reviewed compute evidencescripts/query-sovereign-compute-report.sql · duckdb · 2026-07-29T12:00:00Z

    Reads the exact canonical report snapshot assembled from the production financial engine and normalized public-price evidence.

    SQL query
    -- Read-only audit bridge for the canonical portable report snapshot.
    --
    -- The upstream calculations are executed by src/model.js and assembled by
    -- scripts/build-sovereign-compute-report.mjs. This DuckDB query exposes the
    -- exact reviewed rows embedded in artifact.json without recomputing or
    -- changing their meaning.
    WITH artifact AS (
      SELECT snapshot.datasets AS datasets
      FROM read_json_auto(
        'projects/karadag-investor-data-room/research/reports/'
        'sovereign-compute-commercial/artifact.json',
        maximum_object_size = 10485760
      )
    )
    SELECT
      'headline' AS dataset_name,
      to_json(datasets.headline) AS reviewed_rows
    FROM artifact
    UNION ALL
    SELECT
      'horizonOutcomes' AS dataset_name,
      to_json(datasets.horizonOutcomes) AS reviewed_rows
    FROM artifact
    UNION ALL
    SELECT
      'hardwareSensitivity' AS dataset_name,
      to_json(datasets.hardwareSensitivity) AS reviewed_rows
    FROM artifact
    UNION ALL
    SELECT
      'billingInterpretations' AS dataset_name,
      to_json(datasets.billingInterpretations) AS reviewed_rows
    FROM artifact
    UNION ALL
    SELECT
      'comparators' AS dataset_name,
      to_json(datasets.comparators) AS reviewed_rows
    FROM artifact;